Students typically learn about the chemical properties of elements and compounds, including their reactivity. They may also learn about chemical equations, which describe the reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction.
Chemical reactivity depends on the composition of the substance, the conditions under which the reaction occurs (such as temperature, pressure, and the presence of other substances), and the properties of the substance with which it is reacting. For example, some substances are highly reactive and can undergo rapid and violent reactions when they come into contact with other substances, while others are relatively inert and do not react easily.
| Metals | Nonmetals | Metalloids |
|---|---|---|
| Typically very reactive chemically, especially with nonmetals. Tendency to lose electrons and form cations, making them good reducing agents. High affinity for electrons. | Tend to be poor conductors of heat and electricity. More chemically reactive than metals. Tendency to gain electrons and form anions, making them good oxidising agents. High affinity for electrons. | Intermediate properties between metals and nonmetals. Exhibit both metallic and nonmetallic properties. Reactivity can vary depending on the specific element and the conditions under which they are reacting. |
| Alkali metals such as sodium and potassium | Halogens such as chlorine and fluorine | Silicon |