Tissue

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  • May 1, 2023
9th Biology Ch#04 Cells And Tissues Tissue

Tissue:

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Definition:

    A group of similar types of cells organized together in a group is called tissue.

Animal Tissues:

Animals are made up of four basic types of tissues

  • Epithelial tissue
  • Connective tissue
  • Muscular tissue
  • Nervous tissue

Epithelial Tissue:

   Epithelial tissue covers the surface of the body, lines the space inside the body and forms glands.

Location:

Types of Epithelial Tissue:

The simplest classification of these tissues is based on the number of cell layers.

  • Simple epithelial tissue
  • Striated epithelial tissue.

Simple Epithelial Tissue:

   When the epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells, it is called simple epithelial tissue.

Types of Simple Epithelial Tissue:

Simple epithelial tissue can be classified into the following three types.

a) Simple squamous epithelium:

  •  A simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of flat cells.
  •  Simple squamous epithelium is found in the alveoli of lungs.
  •  It is important for the exchange of gasses between blood and lungs.

b) Simple cuboidal epithelium:

  •  Simple cuboidal epithelium consists of single layer cube shaped cells that are tall as they are wide.
  •  Simple cuboidal epithelia line the lumen of collecting duct in the kidney,pancreas and 
  • salivary glands and present in thyroid glands around the follicle.
  •  Important functions of the simple cuboidal epithelium are secretion and absorption.

c) Simple columnar epithelium:

  •  Simple columnar epithelia are tissues made of a single layer of long column shaped epithelial cells.
  •  It is found in the female reproductive system and in the digestive tract.
  •  This tissue is associated with absorption and secretion

Stratified Epithelial Tissues:

   Stratified epithelium consists of more than one layer of cells and only one layer is in direct contact with the basement membrane.

Types of Stratified Epithelial Tissue:

Stratified epithelial tissue can be classified into following types

a) Stratified cuboidal epithelia:

   Stratified cuboidal epithelia are found surrounding the ducts of many glands, including mammary glands in the breast and salivary glands in the mouth.

b) Stratified columnar epithelia:

   Stratified columnar epithelia are rare, found predominantly in some organs of the reproductive system.

c) Transitional epithelia:

   Transitional epithelia are a special subset of stratified epithelia. They are exclusively found in the excretory system.

Connective Tissue:

   The tissue which connects or binds the different types of cells called connective tissues.These are made up cells,fibers and a gel-like substance.these tissues are widely found through the body between tissue and organs and also form sheaths around the organs.

Functions:

Connective tissues serve many purposes in the body

  •  Connective tissues bind structure together.
  •  It provides support and protection. Fills space,stores fat, and forms blood cells.
  •  It also provides the source cells for muscular and skeletal cells.
  •  It can repair the damage and injured tissues

Types of Connective Tissue:

Cartilage

  •  It is a type of supporting connective tissue,
  •  It is a dense connective tissue,
  •  Cartilage protects and covers the ends of long bones at the joint and nerves,and is a structural component of the rib cage,the ear,the nose,the bronchial tubes,the invertrebal 
  • discs,and many other body components.

Bone:

  •  Bone is a type of connective tissue.
  •  It is a honeycomb-like matrix internally,which helps to give the bone rigidity.
  •  Bone tissue is made up of different types of bone cells mainly osteoblast and osteocytes.
  •  Bones protect vital organs,enable movement, and provide attachment sites for muscle and tendons.

Adipose:

  •  Adipose tissue is a specialized connective tissue consisting of lipid-rich cell
  •  The main function of adipose tissue is to provide cushions and store energy in the form of lipids(fat).

Blood:

  •  Blood is a specialized fluid connective tissue.
  • Blood circulates within the body and serves as a medium of transport and exchange of material.

Muscles:

This tissue consists of muscle fibres.Each fiber consists of elongated cells containing nucleus Functions.

  •  It has the ability to contract and relax.
  •  It causes movement of the body,body parts and material through internal organs.

Types of Muscle Tissues:

They are the following types of muscle tissues.

  • Skeletal muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle

Skeletal Muscle:

  •  These types of muscles are attached with bones.
  •  The cells are striated (striped)and contain many nuclei.
  •  They are voluntary in nature
  •  They are responsible for the movement of bones.

Cardiac Muscle:

  •  These muscles are present in the wall of the heart.
  •  Their cells are striated but with a single nucleus cell.
  •  They are involuntary in nature.
  •  They produce heartbeat.

Smooth Muscle:

  •  Smooth muscles are found in the wall of the alimentary canal.urinary bladder.blood vessels etc.
  •  They contain smooth (non-striated) cells,each with a single nucleus.
  •  They are involuntary in nature.
  •  They are responsible for the movement of substances.

Nervous Tissues:

   Nervous tissues consist of nerve cells called neurons or nerve cell.Each nerve cell is specialized cell consisting of three parts.Nervous system consisting of nervous tissues.

Function:

  •  It is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities.
  •  It transmits information to other cells in the form of electrical nerve impulses.
  •  It stimulates muscle contraction, creates an awareness of the environment, and plays a major role in emotions, memory and reasoning.

Quiz

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