The Lahore Resolution, also known as the Pakistan Resolution, was passed on March 23, 1940, during the All-India Muslim League’s annual session in Lahore. Proposed by A.K. Fazlul Huq, the resolution called for the creation of independent states for Muslims in regions where they were a numerical majority, emphasizing the distinct political and cultural identity of Muslims in British India.
Amidst growing demands for constitutional reforms, various proposals were put forth to address the concerns of different communities in British India. The Cripps Mission of 1942 and the Wavell Plan of 1945 were attempts to find a constitutional arrangement acceptable to all, but they did not lead to a consensus.
The Simla Conference of 1945 aimed at resolving differences between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League. However, the conference failed due to irreconcilable disagreements, primarily regarding the composition of the future government.
The general elections of 1945-46 were a crucial turning point. The Muslim League, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, won a significant mandate in Muslim-majority areas, strengthening their demand for a separate nation.
Lord Mountbatten’s arrival as the last Viceroy of India marked a critical phase. The 3rd June Plan, also known as the Mountbatten Plan, proposed the partition of British India into two independent dominions, India and Pakistan, based on religious lines.
On June 3, 1947, the Indian Independence Act was passed, endorsing the 3rd June Plan. This paved the way for the creation of Pakistan, which officially came into existence on August 14, 1947.
The Indian Independence Bill, introduced in the British Parliament, provided the legal framework for the transfer of power and the creation of two independent states. It received royal assent on July 18, 1947.
Following the demarcation of boundaries, Sir Cyril Radcliffe, the appointed boundary commissioner, announced the Radcliffe Award on August 17, 1947. The award delineated the borders between India and Pakistan, leading to the partition of Punjab and Bengal.
The Pakistan Movement culminated in the establishment of Pakistan as an independent nation, fulfilling the aspirations of millions who sought a homeland where they could freely practice their religion and shape their destiny.