Non- Metals

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9th Chemistry Ch#08 Chemical Reactivity Non- Metals

Non- Metals

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Non-metals are elements that do not exhibit metallic properties like lustre, ductility, or electrical conductivity. In contrast to metals, non-metals are generally brittle, dull, and poor conductors of heat and electricity. Here are some examples of non-metals:
  1. Carbon (C): Carbon is a versatile non-metal that exists in several allotropes, including graphite, diamond, and fullerenes. It is an essential component of all living organisms, and it also has many industrial applications, such as in the production of steel and other alloys.
  2. Oxygen (O): Oxygen is a colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas that is vital for the survival of most living organisms. It is also used in several industrial applications, including the production of steel, cement, and chemicals.
  3. Nitrogen (N): Nitrogen is a non-metal that makes up about 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere. It is an essential element for plant growth and is also used in the production of fertilisers, explosives, and other chemicals.
  4. Chlorine (Cl): Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas that is widely used as a disinfectant and in the production of plastics, solvents, and other chemicals.
  5. Fluorine (F): Fluorine is a highly reactive non-metal that is used in the production of several chemicals, including refrigerants, pesticides, and plastics.
  6. Phosphorus (P): Phosphorus is a non-metal that is essential for the growth and development of plants and animals. It is also used in the production of fertilisers, detergents, and other chemicals.
  7. Sulphur (S): Sulphur is a non-metal that is widely used in the production of fertilisers, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. It is also used in the production of sulfuric acid, which is one of the most widely used industrial chemicals.
These are just a few examples of non-metals, and there are many more elements that fall into this category.
Group Symbol Element Name Atomic Mass
IA H Hydrogen 1.008
IVA C Carbon 12.01
VA N Nitrogen 14.01
VIA O Oxygen 16.00
VIIA F Fluorine 18.99
VIIIA Ne Neon 20.18
VIII He Helium 4.00
IA Li Lithium 6.94
IIIA B Boron 10.81
IVA Si Silicon 28.09
VA P Phosphorus 30.97
VIA S Sulfur 32.06
VIIA Cl Chlorine 35.45
VIIIA Ar Argon 39.95

Electronegative Characteristics:

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom’s ability to attract electrons toward itself when it is part of a chemical bond with another atom. The electronegativity of an atom is determined by a variety of factors, including its atomic size, nuclear charge, and electron configuration.

Overall, electronegativity is an important concept in chemistry that helps to explain the behaviour of atoms in chemical reactions and the properties of chemical compounds.

Halogens accept electrons easily due to their high electronegative character.

Cl+e–→Cl–

Quiz

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