Network Architecture

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  • August 2, 2023
9th Computer Ch#04 Data Communication and Computer Network Network Architecture

Introduction to Network Architecture

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Network Architecture:

In the digital age, network architecture plays a vital role in connecting people and devices worldwide. It forms the foundation for modern communication and enables us to access the internet, share data, and collaborate with others seamlessly. Let’s explore the fundamental concepts of network architecture and its essential components.

What is Network Architecture?

Network architecture refers to the design and layout of a computer network that allows devices (like computers, smartphones, and servers) to communicate and share resources efficiently. Just like how roads and highways connect cities, network architecture connects devices and allows data to flow between them.

Basic Components of Network Architecture

  1. Nodes: Nodes are devices connected to the network. They can be computers, printers, smartphones, or any other device that communicates within the network.
  1. Links: Links are the pathways that connect nodes and allow data to travel from one node to another. These links can be wired (like Ethernet cables) or wireless (like Wi-Fi).
  2. Switches: Switches are devices that help direct data traffic between nodes. They act like traffic police, ensuring data reaches its intended destination.
  3. Routers: Routers are crucial components of network architecture. They connect different networks and facilitate data exchange between them. Imagine them as postal centers that forward mail to different destinations.
      1. Protocols: Protocols are a set of rules and conventions that devices follow to communicate with each other. They ensure data is transmitted accurately and efficiently.
      2. Firewalls: Firewalls are security measures that protect the network from unauthorized access and potential threats.

        Types of Network Architecture

        1. LAN (Local Area Network): A LAN is a network within a limited area, like a home, school, or office building. It allows devices in close proximity to connect and share resources.
        1. WAN (Wide Area Network): A WAN spans over a large geographical area and connects LANs and other networks. The internet is an example of a global WAN.
        2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): A MAN covers a larger area than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. It connects multiple LANs within a city or metropolitan region.

        How Network Architecture Works:

        1. Data Transmission: When you send an email or browse the internet, data packets are created. These packets travel from your device to the router, then through switches and links until they reach their destination.
        1. Data Routing: Routers play a crucial role in determining the best path for data to travel to reach the intended destination. They use protocols to make these decisions.
        1. Client-Server Model: Many networks operate on a client-server model. Here, a central server stores data and resources, and client devices (like computers or smartphones) request and access those resources.



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