Network topology refers to the physical or logical layout of devices, links, and connections in a computer network. It determines how devices are interconnected and how data flows within the network. Here are some fundamental network topologies:
In a bus topology, all devices are connected to a single communication line, known as the bus. Data transmitted by one device is received by all other devices on the bus. This topology is simple to implement but can suffer from congestion and collisions.
In a ring topology, devices are connected in a closed loop, where each device is connected to two neighboring devices. Data circulates around the ring in one direction. A token-based protocol is often used to control access to the shared medium. Failure of one device can disrupt the entire network.
In a star topology, all devices are connected to a central device, such as a switch or hub. Data traffic between devices passes through the central device. If a device fails, it does not affect the rest of the network. This topology is commonly used in Ethernet networks.