Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter, defined as a fundamental conserved quantity that can be positive or negative, leading to the attraction or repulsion between charged particles.
Rubbing a balloon on your hair:
When you rub a balloon on your hair, some electrons transfer from your hair to the balloon. As a result, the balloon becomes negatively charged, and your hair may gain a positive charge. Due to this charge imbalance, the negatively charged balloon may stick to neutral objects like a wall, or your hair may stand on end due to the repulsion of like charges.
There are two types of electric charge:
Associated with an excess of protons, causing objects to repel other positively charged objects and attract negatively charged ones.
Resulting from an excess of electrons, leading to repulsion from other negatively charged objects and attraction to positively charged ones.
The process of redistributing electric charge in a conductor without direct contact with a charged object.
Bringing a negatively charged balloon near an uncharged metal can causes electrons in the can to move, leaving one side negatively charged and the other positively charged.
Charging by rubbing two dissimilar materials together, causing the transfer of electrons between them.
Rubbing a plastic comb with dry hair transfers electrons, making the comb negatively charged, and the hair positively charged.
Charging an object by direct contact with a charged object, leading to an equalization of charge between them.
Touching a positively charged metal sphere with a neutral metal rod transfers charge, leaving both objects with equal positive charge.
Electrostatic induction is the process of redistributing electric charge in a conductor by bringing a charged object nearby, without any direct contact, leading to a temporary separation of charges within the conductor.
Electrostatic charging by induction is the process of creating a charge imbalance in a neutral object by bringing a charged object close to it without direct contact, resulting in the temporary separation of charges within the neutral object. This occurs due to the influence of the charged object’s electric field on the charges in the neutral object.