The Constitution of 1973 is a pivotal document in the constitutional history of Pakistan, representing a consensus among various political forces. Enacted during the government of Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, it provided a framework for democratic governance, protection of fundamental rights, and a federal structure.
Declared Pakistan as an Islamic Republic, affirming the principles of democracy, rule of law, and social justice in accordance with the teachings of Islam.
Established a federal structure with four provinces, recognizing provincial autonomy.
Reintroduced a parliamentary form of government with a Prime Minister as the head of government and a President as the ceremonial head of state.
Enshrined fundamental rights, including the right to equality, freedom of speech, and protection against discrimination.
Incorporated Islamic principles in the legal system while recognizing the diversity of the population.
Ensured the independence of the judiciary, establishing the Supreme Court as the highest court of appeal.
Safeguarded the rights of minorities, promoting a pluralistic and inclusive society.
Provided for provincial autonomy and established mechanisms for resource-sharing between the federal and provincial governments.
Designated Urdu as the national language, while recognizing regional languages for official use.
Formed an Islamic Advisory Council to guide legislation in accordance with Islamic principles.
Established a bicameral legislature with the National Assembly and the Senate to represent the people and provinces, respectively.
Incorporated the principles of the Objective Resolution of 1949, emphasizing the ideals of justice, equality, and fraternity.
Recognized the importance of local government and provided for its establishment.
Outlined a procedure for constitutional amendments, ensuring a balance between flexibility and stability.
The Constitution of 1973 has endured as the longest-serving constitution in Pakistan’s history, with various amendments reflecting the changing needs and dynamics of the nation. It remains a foundational document that defines the democratic and Islamic character of the country.