Classical methods typically involve qualitative and quantitative analysis based on visual observations and chemical reactions. They often utilize basic laboratory glassware, such as beakers, flasks, pipettes, and burettes, along with fundamental laboratory instruments like balances and pH meters.
Examples of classical methods include gravimetric analysis, titration, precipitation reactions, colorimetry, and distillation.
Gravimetric analysis is a method in analytical chemistry to determine the quantity of an analyte based on the mass of a solid.
A Volumetric Method Of Analysis.
Titration is a classical analytical technique used to determine the concentration of an analyte in a solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration (titrant). The reaction between the analyte and the titrant is monitored until it reaches the equivalence point, where stoichiometrically equivalent amounts of the analyte and titrant have reacted.
An example of titration analysis is the determination of the concentration of acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid, HCl) in a given solution using a standardized solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as the titrant. The steps involved in this titration are as follows:
