Aqueous Solution:

That type of solution in which solvent is always water

Example:

Tang, sugar, salt and many other solutes which can be dissolved in water to obtain the aqueous solutions.

Types of Solution:

(i) Saturated Solution: A solution which contains the maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a solvent at a given temperature is called saturated solution at that particular temperature. This solution can no longer dissolve any more solute under the given conditions.

(ii) Unsaturated Solution: The solution containing a lesser amount of the solute than the saturated solution at a given temperature is called an unsaturated solution. In the unsaturated solution, the solvent has the capacity of dissolving more of the solute at that particular temperature.

(iii) Supersaturated Solution: A solution that can dissolve more solute than it contained in the saturated solution after heating is called a Supersaturated solution.

(a) Many solutions consist of a solid dissolved in water.

(b) When all the solid dissolves, the solution is unsaturated.

(d) A saturated solution is, by definition, in contact with undissolved solid.

(e) Some saturated solutions can be made into supersaturated solutions by heating to dissolve more solid, and cooling carefully to prevent crystallisation.

Dilution of a Solution:

Dilution is the opposite to concentration (means to reduce the concentration of any substance is known as dilution.

Dilute Solution: the solution in which solute is present relatively in small amounts.
Concentration Solution:: the solution in which solute is present relatively in large amounts. Concentrated solution = Diluted solution

∴ M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ or M_cV_c = M_dV_d

Dilution of Concentrated HCL (Note: Never add water directly to concentrated acid, because it may splatter and cause severe burns.)