Mendel’s Law of Segregation, also known as the Law of Purity of Gametes, states that during the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells), the two alleles for a trait segregate or separate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene. This segregation occurs independently for different gene pairs, ensuring that the offspring inherit one allele from each parent. Consequently, the genetic information remains pure and unaltered as it passes from one generation to the next, maintaining the integrity of traits in a predictable manner. Mendel’s meticulous experiments with pea plants provided essential insights into the mechanisms of heredity and laid the foundation for modern genetics.