Adaptation Of Plant For Different Internal Condition

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10th Biology CH#02 Homeostasis Adaptation Of Plant For Different Internal Condition

Adaptation Of Plant For Different Internal Condition

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Introduction to Homeostasis:

Gaseous exchange is how living things get the oxygen they need and get rid of carbon dioxide. Plants also use it to make food in a process called photosynthesis. Animals in water get their gases from water, while those on land get them from the air.

Adaptation Of Plant For Different Internal Condition:

Plants exhibit remarkable adaptations to thrive in diverse internal conditions, enabling them to flourish in various environments. There are three main aspect of homeostatis

• Osmoregulation:

Osmoregulation is the physiological process that regulates the balance of water and solutes in an organism’s body to maintain internal stability.

• Thermoregulation:

Thermoregulation is the biological process that helps maintain a stable internal body temperature in response to external temperature changes.

• Excretion:

Excretion is the biological process of eliminating metabolic waste products and excess substances from an organism’s body to maintain internal balance.

Excretion or storage of CO2:

Excretion or storage of CO2 is crucial for regulating internal conditions. In animals, CO2 is produced during respiration and removed through the lungs or stored in bicarbonate ions in the blood. In plants, CO2 is absorbed during photosynthesis, converted into carbohydrates, and may be stored as starch or released through stomata when needed.

Removal of extra water:

Excess water in plants is removed primarily through transpiration, where water vapor escapes through stomata during photosynthesis, and occasionally through guttation, where excess water is exuded as droplets at leaf tips or margins due to root pressure.

Transpiration is a crucial process in plants as it helps transport essential nutrients and minerals from the roots to the upper parts of the plant, maintaining its structure and facilitating photosynthesis. It also plays a role in cooling the plant and maintaining its water balance.

Guttation, on the other hand, occurs under specific conditions when the root pressure is high and the rate of transpiration is low, usually at night or in the early morning. It results in the formation of droplets at the leaf margins or tips. While not as common as transpiration, guttation can provide some relief from excess water uptake and pressure within the plant.

Osmotic adjustment in plants:

Osmotic adjustment in plants involves adjusting solute concentrations to maintain water balance in saline conditions. Types of plants based on osmotic adjustment:

1) Hydrophytes:

  • Adapted to thrive in aquatic or waterlogged environments.
  • Features include floating leaves, well-developed air channels, and reduced cuticle to enhance gas exchange in water.

2) Halophytes:

  • Specially adapted to tolerate saline or salty conditions, such as coastal areas.
  • Have mechanisms to excrete excess salt or sequester it in specialized cells to maintain osmotic balance.

3) Epiphytes:

  • Grow on the surfaces of other plants, often trees, without being parasitic.
  • Adaptations include aerial roots for support and absorption of nutrients and water from the surrounding environment.

4) Mesophytes:

  • Adapted to moderate or average environmental conditions.
  • Do not have specialized adaptations for extremely wet or dry conditions.

5) Xerophytes:

  • Specialized adaptations to survive in arid or water-scarce environments.
  • Features include reduced leaf size, water storage tissues, and mechanisms to minimize water loss.

Quiz

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